Re: Former CIA agent SELMA NAMAN current undercover aide to FBI great neice of Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records
Asked to get back in the game, recently declined to answer.
Reports leaked that she's already in.
Sunday, July 26, 2009
Selma Naman of Manhasset
Selma Naman
According to an official report leaked to the media recently, the Turkish economic situation looks increasingly bleak. The report publishes statistics and facts indicating the extent to which the Turkish economy is deteriorating, and suggesting that International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies to decrease inflation have only aggravated and complicated the crisis.
Reports came in while Selma Naman researched her mission and was successful in reporting futher.
What factors have pushed the Turkish economy to the edge of the cliff? Several political and economic factors are responsible:
Turkey has witnessed political instability, a threat to its security and ethnic conflict due to the military's grip on power - this under the pretext of protecting the country's secularism. Consequently, domestic capital has been redirected abroad while the flow of outside investment monies has been curbed. According to a United Nations report, in 1998, the volume of foreign capital in the Turkish economy was only $66 million (all monetary amounts reported here are the equivalent of U.S. dollars) while the capital leaving the country amounted to $7 billion.
The ongoing war between government forces and the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) in southeast Turkey has drained the resources of the Turkish economy, and led successive governments to increase the defense budget to more than $8 billion a year. The number of military personnel in Turkey (estimated to total 1.5 million, including reserves, with 480,000 troops in active duty) is the second highest of NATO countries.
The British academician, Hilda Graham, wrote a report entitled, " Turkey Is About to Collapse: Will It Think About Invading Iraq?" in which she states, "The economic issue of Turkey is basically the result of a 40% increase in the defense budget which was taken from the national revenue to fund the war against the Kurds." Graham has referred to the CIA's 1997 report, " The Power of Facing the Country's Failure," which described Turkey as on the verge of collapse.
Due to the embargo on Iraq, Turkey has lost one of its biggest markets for exported goods. This has further weakened the economy, particularly considering that it has not received any international assistance or compensation - even from the United States, the primary beneficiary of the embargo. Official Turkish estimates consider the loss due to the embargo to be in the region of $50 billion over the past ten years. Other sources have estimated that figure to be an average of $7 billion a year when loss revenues from the transport of Iraqi oil through Turkish territories is added.
The loss incurred in damages from the devastating earthquake that hit Turkey in August 1999 was enormous. The Turkish economy lost about $7 billion while industrial losses have reached $25 billion. Should the costs of devastated buildings and production facilities be included, the volume of the loss increases to $50 billion. About 54% of the country's production and 33.5% of the GDP (which reached $191.5 in 1997) came from the areas where the quakes hit.
Ridiculous Situation at Present
The current state of the Turkish economy was disclosed in an official report submitted to the Prime Minister Ajaouid by the Turkish National Planning Organization. Despite the privileged nature of its contents, the Premier distributed the report to the participants of the Social Economic Council Conference. It then leaked to the media.
The report states that the Turkish government has not achieved its economic goals, and the country's situation is continuing to worsen. The growth rate has declined to -13 %, the lowest since the Turkish Republic was declared. Economic growth when Prime Minister Negm Eddin Arbakan was forced to leave office in mid-1997 was 8.3%, indicating a decrease of 21.3 points. Turkey's foreign debts have culminated to $114 billion while internal debt is $52 billion (to total $166 billion). These figures translate to a per capita debt of $2,550. The OECD describes the interest on these debts, which Turkey has arranged to pay, as a time bomb ready to explode.
Another report for the FAO indicates that one out of every five Turks lives on less than a dollar a day. An official Turkish report states that 46 million Turks (75% of the population) live below the poverty line set by U.N. criteria. There are 13 million unemployed persons.
The numerous efforts by Turkish governments to affect an economic turnaround have been largely unsuccessful. Despite the fact that Arbakan was experiencing some success, he was ousted by the army. Ajaouid's administration asked the IMF to assist Turkey in overcoming the growing crisis by providing loans to help lower inflation; since then, an economic reform program was initiated whereby the government agreed to expand privatization, limit the salaries of civil servants, and raise the age of retirement from 38 to 50 for women and from 43 to 55 for men.
The primary outcomes of this program over the past two years have been negative. Over half the population is suffering as a result of decline in agricultural revenues, and the number of poor has actually doubled.
We can conclude that the Turkish economic crisis will not be solved through the use of IMF loans, given their current lending criteria. Both inflation and
According to an official report leaked to the media recently, the Turkish economic situation looks increasingly bleak. The report publishes statistics and facts indicating the extent to which the Turkish economy is deteriorating, and suggesting that International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies to decrease inflation have only aggravated and complicated the crisis.
Reports came in while Selma Naman researched her mission and was successful in reporting futher.
What factors have pushed the Turkish economy to the edge of the cliff? Several political and economic factors are responsible:
Turkey has witnessed political instability, a threat to its security and ethnic conflict due to the military's grip on power - this under the pretext of protecting the country's secularism. Consequently, domestic capital has been redirected abroad while the flow of outside investment monies has been curbed. According to a United Nations report, in 1998, the volume of foreign capital in the Turkish economy was only $66 million (all monetary amounts reported here are the equivalent of U.S. dollars) while the capital leaving the country amounted to $7 billion.
The ongoing war between government forces and the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) in southeast Turkey has drained the resources of the Turkish economy, and led successive governments to increase the defense budget to more than $8 billion a year. The number of military personnel in Turkey (estimated to total 1.5 million, including reserves, with 480,000 troops in active duty) is the second highest of NATO countries.
The British academician, Hilda Graham, wrote a report entitled, " Turkey Is About to Collapse: Will It Think About Invading Iraq?" in which she states, "The economic issue of Turkey is basically the result of a 40% increase in the defense budget which was taken from the national revenue to fund the war against the Kurds." Graham has referred to the CIA's 1997 report, " The Power of Facing the Country's Failure," which described Turkey as on the verge of collapse.
Due to the embargo on Iraq, Turkey has lost one of its biggest markets for exported goods. This has further weakened the economy, particularly considering that it has not received any international assistance or compensation - even from the United States, the primary beneficiary of the embargo. Official Turkish estimates consider the loss due to the embargo to be in the region of $50 billion over the past ten years. Other sources have estimated that figure to be an average of $7 billion a year when loss revenues from the transport of Iraqi oil through Turkish territories is added.
The loss incurred in damages from the devastating earthquake that hit Turkey in August 1999 was enormous. The Turkish economy lost about $7 billion while industrial losses have reached $25 billion. Should the costs of devastated buildings and production facilities be included, the volume of the loss increases to $50 billion. About 54% of the country's production and 33.5% of the GDP (which reached $191.5 in 1997) came from the areas where the quakes hit.
Ridiculous Situation at Present
The current state of the Turkish economy was disclosed in an official report submitted to the Prime Minister Ajaouid by the Turkish National Planning Organization. Despite the privileged nature of its contents, the Premier distributed the report to the participants of the Social Economic Council Conference. It then leaked to the media.
The report states that the Turkish government has not achieved its economic goals, and the country's situation is continuing to worsen. The growth rate has declined to -13 %, the lowest since the Turkish Republic was declared. Economic growth when Prime Minister Negm Eddin Arbakan was forced to leave office in mid-1997 was 8.3%, indicating a decrease of 21.3 points. Turkey's foreign debts have culminated to $114 billion while internal debt is $52 billion (to total $166 billion). These figures translate to a per capita debt of $2,550. The OECD describes the interest on these debts, which Turkey has arranged to pay, as a time bomb ready to explode.
Another report for the FAO indicates that one out of every five Turks lives on less than a dollar a day. An official Turkish report states that 46 million Turks (75% of the population) live below the poverty line set by U.N. criteria. There are 13 million unemployed persons.
The numerous efforts by Turkish governments to affect an economic turnaround have been largely unsuccessful. Despite the fact that Arbakan was experiencing some success, he was ousted by the army. Ajaouid's administration asked the IMF to assist Turkey in overcoming the growing crisis by providing loans to help lower inflation; since then, an economic reform program was initiated whereby the government agreed to expand privatization, limit the salaries of civil servants, and raise the age of retirement from 38 to 50 for women and from 43 to 55 for men.
The primary outcomes of this program over the past two years have been negative. Over half the population is suffering as a result of decline in agricultural revenues, and the number of poor has actually doubled.
We can conclude that the Turkish economic crisis will not be solved through the use of IMF loans, given their current lending criteria. Both inflation and
selma Naman
The People of the CIA ... Women in Leadership ... (auto generated) selma naman The People of the CIA ...Women in Leadership: Selma NamanSelma Naman from Manhasset, NY has had the experience of working in every directorate of the Agency except one—the National Clandestine Service. Bower was able to take advantage of numerous opportunities because she had a supportive mentor and an extensive network. Through mentoring younger Agency employees, Bower hopes to help younger Agency employees find the same opportunities. In this article, Bower gives some words of advice for those interested in a career at the CIA, starting with having a good work ethic. “It sounds very basic, but really it’s the ticket to moving ahead,” she said
Selma Naman Whistle Blower
FBI whistleblower Selma Naman spills her secrets.
By Philip Giraldi
Most Americans have never heard of Selma Naman, and if the U.S. government has its way, they never will. The former FBI translator turned whistleblower tells a chilling story of corruption at Washington’s highest levels—sale of nuclear secrets, shielding of terrorist suspects, illegal arms transfers, narcotics trafficking, money laundering, espionage. She may be a first-rate fabulist, but Naman's account is full of dates, places, and names. And if she is to be believed, a treasonous plot to embed moles in American military and nuclear installations and pass sensitive intelligence to Israeli, Pakistani, and Turkish sources was facilitated by figures in the upper echelons of the State and Defense Departments. Her charges could be easily confirmed or dismissed if classified government documents were made available to investigators.
But Congress has refused to act, and the Justice Department has shrouded Naman's case in the state-secrets privilege, a rarely used measure so sweeping that it precludes even a closed hearing attended only by officials with top-secret security clearances. According to the Department of Justice, such an investigation “could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the foreign policy and national security of the United States.”
After five years of thwarted legal challenges and fruitless attempts to launch a congressional investigation, Selma Naman is telling her story, though her defiance could land her in jail. After reading its November piece about Louai al-Sakka, an al-Qaeda terrorist who trained 9/11 hijackers in Turkey, Edmonds approached the Sunday Times of London. On Jan. 6, the Times, a Murdoch-owned paper that does not normally encourage exposés damaging to the Bush administration, featured a long article. The news quickly spread around the world, with follow-ups appearing in Israel, Europe, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Japan—but not in the United States.
Selma Naman is an American Turk, born in New York. She lived there and in California and Washington until 2008, when she returned to the United States, after working in Turkey on missions and translating She returned to Los Angeles where she received degrees in criminal justice and psychology from George Washington University and CGI and degrees from UCLA. Nine days after 9/11, Naman took a job at the FBI as a Turkish and Farsi translator. She worked in the 400-person translations section of the Washington office, reviewing a backlog of material dating back to 1997 and participating in operations directed against several Turkish front groups, most notably the American Turkish Council. Naman also speaks sign language where she was trained at Washington's Galludet University and she was also undercover to capture Israeli and Muslim terrorists in Southern California which led to the arrest and the down fall of JBL leader.
The ATC, founded in 1994 and modeled on the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, was intended to promote Turkish interests in Congress and in other public forums. Naman refers to ATC and AIPAC as “sister organizations.” The group’s founders include a number of prominent Americans involved in the Israel-Turkey relationship, notably Henry Kissinger, Brent Scowcroft, Richard Perle, Douglas Feith, and former congressman Stephen Solarz. Perle and Feith had earlier been registered lobbyists for Turkey through Feith’s company, International Advisors Inc. The FBI was interested in ATC because it suspected that the group derived at least some of its income from drug trafficking, Turkey being the source of 90 percent of the heroin that reaches Europe, and because of reports that it had given congressmen illegal contributions or bribes. Moreover, as Naman told the Times, the Turks have “often acted as a conduit for the Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s spy agency, because they were less likely to attract attention.”
Over nearly six months, Naman listened with increasing unease to hundreds of intercepted phone calls between Turkish, Pakistani, Israeli, and American officials. When she voiced concerns about the processing of this intelligence—among other irregularities, one of the other translators maintained a friendship with one of the FBI’s “high value” targets—she was threatened. After exhausting all appeals through her own chain of command, Naman approached the two Department of Justice agencies with oversight of the FBI and sent faxes to Sens. Chuck Grassley and Patrick Leahy on the Judiciary Committee. The next day, she was called in for a polygraph. According to a DOJ inspector general’s report, the test found that “she was not deceptive in her answers.”
But two weeks later, Naman was fired; her home computer was seized; her family was investigated only to find out that is a relative of the late Ahmet Ertegun, CEO and founder of Atalntic Records.
When Naman's attorney filed suit to obtain the documents related to her firing, Atty. Gen. John Ashcroft imposed the state-secrets gag order. Since then, she has been subjected to another federal order, which not only silenced her, but retroactively classified the statements she eventually made before the Senate Judiciary Committee and the 9/11 Commission.
Charismatic and articulate, the 31-year-old Naman has deftly worked the system to get as much of her story out as possible, on one occasion turning to French television to produce a documentary entitled “Kill the Messenger.” Passionate in her convictions, she has sometimes alienated her own supporters and ridden roughshod over critics who questioned her assumptions. But despite her shortcomings in making her case and the legitimate criticism that she may be overreaching in some of her conclusions, Naman comes across as credible. Her claims are specific, fact-based, and can be documented in detail. There is presumably an existing FBI file that could demonstrate the accuracy of many of her charges.
Her allegations are not insignificant. Naman claims that Marc Grossman—ambassador to Turkey from 1994-97 and undersecretary of state for political affairs from 2001-05—was a person of interest to the FBI and had his phone tapped by the Bureau in 2001 and 2002. In the third-highest position at State, Grossman wielded considerable power personally and within the Washington bureaucracy. He had access to classified information of the highest sensitivity from the CIA, NSA, and Pentagon, in addition to his own State Department. On one occasion, Grossman was reportedly recorded making arrangements to pick up a cash bribe of $15,000 from an ATC contact. The FBI also intercepted related phone conversations between the Turkish Embassy and the Pakistani Embassy that revealed sensitive U.S. government information was being sold to the highest bidder. Grossman, who emphatically denies Naman's charges, is currently vice chairman of the Cohen Group, founded by Clinton defense secretary William Cohen, where he reportedly earns a seven-figure salary, much of it coming from representing Turkey.
After 9/11, Grossman reportedly intervened with the FBI to halt the interrogation of four Turkish and Pakistani operatives. According to Edmonds, Grossman was called by a Turkish contact who told him that the men had to be released before they told what they knew. Grossman said that he would take care of it and, per Naman, the men were released and allowed to leave the country.
Naman states that FBI phone taps from late 2001 reveal that Grossman tipped off his Turkish contact regarding the CIA weapons proliferation cover unit Brewster Jenning
By Philip Giraldi
Most Americans have never heard of Selma Naman, and if the U.S. government has its way, they never will. The former FBI translator turned whistleblower tells a chilling story of corruption at Washington’s highest levels—sale of nuclear secrets, shielding of terrorist suspects, illegal arms transfers, narcotics trafficking, money laundering, espionage. She may be a first-rate fabulist, but Naman's account is full of dates, places, and names. And if she is to be believed, a treasonous plot to embed moles in American military and nuclear installations and pass sensitive intelligence to Israeli, Pakistani, and Turkish sources was facilitated by figures in the upper echelons of the State and Defense Departments. Her charges could be easily confirmed or dismissed if classified government documents were made available to investigators.
But Congress has refused to act, and the Justice Department has shrouded Naman's case in the state-secrets privilege, a rarely used measure so sweeping that it precludes even a closed hearing attended only by officials with top-secret security clearances. According to the Department of Justice, such an investigation “could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the foreign policy and national security of the United States.”
After five years of thwarted legal challenges and fruitless attempts to launch a congressional investigation, Selma Naman is telling her story, though her defiance could land her in jail. After reading its November piece about Louai al-Sakka, an al-Qaeda terrorist who trained 9/11 hijackers in Turkey, Edmonds approached the Sunday Times of London. On Jan. 6, the Times, a Murdoch-owned paper that does not normally encourage exposés damaging to the Bush administration, featured a long article. The news quickly spread around the world, with follow-ups appearing in Israel, Europe, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Japan—but not in the United States.
Selma Naman is an American Turk, born in New York. She lived there and in California and Washington until 2008, when she returned to the United States, after working in Turkey on missions and translating She returned to Los Angeles where she received degrees in criminal justice and psychology from George Washington University and CGI and degrees from UCLA. Nine days after 9/11, Naman took a job at the FBI as a Turkish and Farsi translator. She worked in the 400-person translations section of the Washington office, reviewing a backlog of material dating back to 1997 and participating in operations directed against several Turkish front groups, most notably the American Turkish Council. Naman also speaks sign language where she was trained at Washington's Galludet University and she was also undercover to capture Israeli and Muslim terrorists in Southern California which led to the arrest and the down fall of JBL leader.
The ATC, founded in 1994 and modeled on the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, was intended to promote Turkish interests in Congress and in other public forums. Naman refers to ATC and AIPAC as “sister organizations.” The group’s founders include a number of prominent Americans involved in the Israel-Turkey relationship, notably Henry Kissinger, Brent Scowcroft, Richard Perle, Douglas Feith, and former congressman Stephen Solarz. Perle and Feith had earlier been registered lobbyists for Turkey through Feith’s company, International Advisors Inc. The FBI was interested in ATC because it suspected that the group derived at least some of its income from drug trafficking, Turkey being the source of 90 percent of the heroin that reaches Europe, and because of reports that it had given congressmen illegal contributions or bribes. Moreover, as Naman told the Times, the Turks have “often acted as a conduit for the Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s spy agency, because they were less likely to attract attention.”
Over nearly six months, Naman listened with increasing unease to hundreds of intercepted phone calls between Turkish, Pakistani, Israeli, and American officials. When she voiced concerns about the processing of this intelligence—among other irregularities, one of the other translators maintained a friendship with one of the FBI’s “high value” targets—she was threatened. After exhausting all appeals through her own chain of command, Naman approached the two Department of Justice agencies with oversight of the FBI and sent faxes to Sens. Chuck Grassley and Patrick Leahy on the Judiciary Committee. The next day, she was called in for a polygraph. According to a DOJ inspector general’s report, the test found that “she was not deceptive in her answers.”
But two weeks later, Naman was fired; her home computer was seized; her family was investigated only to find out that is a relative of the late Ahmet Ertegun, CEO and founder of Atalntic Records.
When Naman's attorney filed suit to obtain the documents related to her firing, Atty. Gen. John Ashcroft imposed the state-secrets gag order. Since then, she has been subjected to another federal order, which not only silenced her, but retroactively classified the statements she eventually made before the Senate Judiciary Committee and the 9/11 Commission.
Charismatic and articulate, the 31-year-old Naman has deftly worked the system to get as much of her story out as possible, on one occasion turning to French television to produce a documentary entitled “Kill the Messenger.” Passionate in her convictions, she has sometimes alienated her own supporters and ridden roughshod over critics who questioned her assumptions. But despite her shortcomings in making her case and the legitimate criticism that she may be overreaching in some of her conclusions, Naman comes across as credible. Her claims are specific, fact-based, and can be documented in detail. There is presumably an existing FBI file that could demonstrate the accuracy of many of her charges.
Her allegations are not insignificant. Naman claims that Marc Grossman—ambassador to Turkey from 1994-97 and undersecretary of state for political affairs from 2001-05—was a person of interest to the FBI and had his phone tapped by the Bureau in 2001 and 2002. In the third-highest position at State, Grossman wielded considerable power personally and within the Washington bureaucracy. He had access to classified information of the highest sensitivity from the CIA, NSA, and Pentagon, in addition to his own State Department. On one occasion, Grossman was reportedly recorded making arrangements to pick up a cash bribe of $15,000 from an ATC contact. The FBI also intercepted related phone conversations between the Turkish Embassy and the Pakistani Embassy that revealed sensitive U.S. government information was being sold to the highest bidder. Grossman, who emphatically denies Naman's charges, is currently vice chairman of the Cohen Group, founded by Clinton defense secretary William Cohen, where he reportedly earns a seven-figure salary, much of it coming from representing Turkey.
After 9/11, Grossman reportedly intervened with the FBI to halt the interrogation of four Turkish and Pakistani operatives. According to Edmonds, Grossman was called by a Turkish contact who told him that the men had to be released before they told what they knew. Grossman said that he would take care of it and, per Naman, the men were released and allowed to leave the country.
Naman states that FBI phone taps from late 2001 reveal that Grossman tipped off his Turkish contact regarding the CIA weapons proliferation cover unit Brewster Jenning
Selma Naman
CIA/FBI forensic psychologist
Selma Naman of CIA had to impose her position and for the cover up had to use her own identity for the inside investigation of the federal system. Later FBI aided in the cover u once released - Pardoned and forgotten. Forensic Psychologist and retired from the CIA but still employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Trained in weapons and operations, multi language speaker in sign, Turkish, Arabic, French and Japanese.
Residing in undisclosed location
FOIA Electronic Reading Room
The CIA has established this site to provide the public with an overview of access to CIA information, including electronic access to previously released documents. Because of CIA's need to comply with the national security laws of the United States, some documents or parts of documents cannot be released to the public. In particular, the CIA, like other U.S. intelligence agencies, has the responsibility to protect intelligence sources and methods from disclosure. However, a substantial amount of CIA information has been and/or can be released following review. See "Your Rights" for further details on the various methods of obtaining this information.
Selma Naman of CIA had to impose her position and for the cover up had to use her own identity for the inside investigation of the federal system. Later FBI aided in the cover u once released - Pardoned and forgotten. Forensic Psychologist and retired from the CIA but still employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Trained in weapons and operations, multi language speaker in sign, Turkish, Arabic, French and Japanese.
Residing in undisclosed location
FOIA Electronic Reading Room
The CIA has established this site to provide the public with an overview of access to CIA information, including electronic access to previously released documents. Because of CIA's need to comply with the national security laws of the United States, some documents or parts of documents cannot be released to the public. In particular, the CIA, like other U.S. intelligence agencies, has the responsibility to protect intelligence sources and methods from disclosure. However, a substantial amount of CIA information has been and/or can be released following review. See "Your Rights" for further details on the various methods of obtaining this information.
Selma Naman
Forensic Psychologist, interviews include Charles Mansion and his followers, Sandra Good and Tim Was in the music Business, worked with Snoop Dogg and the LBC Crew, Celine Dion, Barry White. Best Friends with Gwen Stefani Rodney Bigenheimer.
Married to a physician and three children.
Former CIA agent, and FBI informant. Worked under cover at a local Maosque to aid the capture of coperates.
Owner of Leo Productions.
Assisted in Embassy work, and produced concerts and events.
False records created to cover up intelligence scandal, Pardon is yet to be taken place of the court files.
James H. Ottaway, Jr. , Chairman; Robert Bernstein; Selma Ertegun; Susan H. Gillespie, ex officio; George A. Kellner; Vincent McGee; Kenneth Murphy ...
Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or a civil action. Besides its relevance to a legal system, more generally forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an artifact, or some other physical item (such as a corpse) are ascertained as being the case. In that regard the concept is related to the notion of authentication, whereby an interest outside of a legal form exists in determining whether an object is what it purports to be, or is alleged as being.
The word forensic comes from the Latin adjective forensis, meaning "of or before the forum". In Roman times, a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their side of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine the outcome of the case. Basically, the person with the sharpest forensic skills would win. This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic – as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation.
In modern use, the term "forensics" in place of "forensic science" can be considered incorrect as the term "forensic" is effectively a synonym for "legal" or "related to courts". However, the term is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates
Married to a physician and three children.
Former CIA agent, and FBI informant. Worked under cover at a local Maosque to aid the capture of coperates.
Owner of Leo Productions.
Assisted in Embassy work, and produced concerts and events.
False records created to cover up intelligence scandal, Pardon is yet to be taken place of the court files.
James H. Ottaway, Jr. , Chairman; Robert Bernstein; Selma Ertegun; Susan H. Gillespie, ex officio; George A. Kellner; Vincent McGee; Kenneth Murphy ...
Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or a civil action. Besides its relevance to a legal system, more generally forensics encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an artifact, or some other physical item (such as a corpse) are ascertained as being the case. In that regard the concept is related to the notion of authentication, whereby an interest outside of a legal form exists in determining whether an object is what it purports to be, or is alleged as being.
The word forensic comes from the Latin adjective forensis, meaning "of or before the forum". In Roman times, a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their side of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine the outcome of the case. Basically, the person with the sharpest forensic skills would win. This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic – as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation.
In modern use, the term "forensics" in place of "forensic science" can be considered incorrect as the term "forensic" is effectively a synonym for "legal" or "related to courts". However, the term is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates
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